pm2.5毒理研究：PM2.5重大污染源-機動車
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- 發布日期：2017-05-12 11:12:32
機動車，特別是柴油驅動重型車，是PM2.5的主要排放源之一。就質量而言，車用柴油機排放顆粒物（DEP）主要有些是細顆粒物（PM2.5），質量百分比為80%~90%，占比相當大。
Motor vehicles, especially diesel driven heavy vehicles, are one of the major emissions sources of PM2.5. In terms of quality, the emission particulates of diesel engine (DEP) are mainly fine particles (PM2.5), and the mass percentage is 80%~90%, accounting for a considerable proportion.
而近20多年來中國機動車保有量持續快速增加，特別是進入新世紀后中國機動車保有量均勻增加率高達15.3%。巨大基數下機動車所排放的細顆粒物（PM2.5）正在改變大氣環境的物理化學特征，從而帶來新的環境污染疑問（如城市大氣灰霾景象）和健康危險。
In recent 20 years, China's motor vehicle ownership has continued to increase rapidly, especially in the new century, China's motor vehicle ownership increased by 15.3%. Fine particulate matter emissions under the huge base vehicle (PM2.5) is changing the physical and chemical characteristics of the atmospheric environment, so as to bring new environmental problems (such as city atmospheric haze scene) and health risk.
柴油機排放顆粒物的物理化學成分
Physical and chemical composition of particulate matter emitted by diesel engine
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柴油機排放通常包含氣相和顆粒相幾百種組分的雜亂混合物。其間氣態污染物包含NOx、CO、低分子量HC及其衍生物（如乙醛、苯類、多環芳香烴、含氮多環芳香烴）、硫化物以及溫室氣體CO2等；顆粒物主要成分是元素碳（EC）、吸附性有機化合物（OC）以及少數的硫酸鹽、硝酸鹽、灰分(金屬和痕量元素)等。
Diesel emissions usually consist of a mixture of gas and particulate phases of hundreds of components. It contains NOx, CO, gaseous pollutants of low molecular weight HC and its derivatives (such as acetaldehyde, benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), sulfide and greenhouse gas CO2; is the main component of particulate carbon (EC) adsorption of organic compounds (OC) and a handful of sulfate and nitrate ash (metals and trace elements etc.).
還有很小有些的燃油以及霧化或蒸騰的潤滑油通過逃逸氧化作用變成蒸發或可溶性有機物（SOF），包含含氧、氮、硫的多環芳香族混合物。燃猜中的硫氧化為SO2氣體，而小有些氧化為SO3并構成硫酸鹽粒子。燃料和潤滑油中的金屬燃燒氧化后發生少數無機灰分。
There is also a small amount of fuel, and atomized or transpiration of lubricating oil, through escape oxidation into evaporated or soluble organic matter (SOF), containing oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur polycyclic aromatic mixtures. Burning sulfur oxidation guessed SO2 gas, and some small oxidation to SO3 and sulfate particles. Combustion of metals in fuels and lubricants produces a small amount of inorganic ash after oxidation.
柴油機排放顆粒物的健康影響
Health effects of particulate matter emitted by diesel engine
柴油車排放顆粒物通常老是隨同尾氣管的氣態污染物，因為它們均勻混合在空氣中難以區分，所以其對人體的影響包含氣體等歸納影響。其對人體健康效應可分為急性和緩慢露出。急性露出可發生時間短的不一樣程度的生理性表現，嚴重時也許致使過敏。實驗和患者查詢聯系研討標明，緩慢露出可致使非致癌的呼吸系統效應以及增加肺癌危險。短期露出于高濃度柴油車污染物時，可致使呼吸道炎癥，眼、鼻、喉影響，呼吸系統表現（咳嗽，咳痰）以及神經生理學表現，如頭疼、暈厥、惡心、嘔吐、麻痹等。
Emissions from diesel vehicles are usually gaseous pollutants along the exhaust pipe, because they are uniformly mixed and indistinguishable in air, so their effects on the human body include inductive effects such as gas. Its effects on human health can be divided into acute and slow exposure. Acute exposure to a different degree of physiological performance may occur at short intervals, which may cause allergies in severe cases. Experiments with patient inquiries indicate that slow exposure can lead to non carcinogenic respiratory effects and increase lung cancer risk. Short term exposed to high concentration of diesel pollutants, can cause inflammation of respiratory tract, eyes, nose, throat, respiratory symptoms (cough, expectoration) and neurophysiological manifestations, such as headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, paralysis, etc..
中國近十幾年來機動車增加迅速，機動車排放對大氣貢獻率逐漸進步，人體對尾氣的反響越來越顯著，對機動車排放疑問的重視不行放輕。
In the past ten years, motor vehicles have increased rapidly in China, and the contribution rate of motor vehicle emissions to the atmosphere has gradually improved. The response of the human body to the exhaust gas has become more and more obvious.
