適用于恒溫恒濕潔凈稱量室的過濾器結(jié)構(gòu)特點與適用范圍
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- 發(fā)布日期：2017-06-08 11:22:30
1.石英砂過濾器’
1. quartz sand filter
石英砂過濾器是一種典型的深床過濾器，其構(gòu)造特點是濾層較厚，過濾介質(zhì)石英砂的密度較大，濾床對比安穩(wěn)。石英砂過濾器作業(yè)的機(jī)理主要是吸附效果，而篩除效果是非必須的。由于濾床在反沖刷時是固定的，歸于固定孔隙過濾器，被吸附在濾層中的細(xì)小顆粒脫附對比艱難，因而用反洗來康復(fù)過濾功能的效果有限，運用一段時間后過濾功能會嚴(yán)峻下降，通常需求替換濾料。這種過濾器通常運用在對水質(zhì)請求相對不高的清水過濾。
Quartz sand filter is a typical deep bed filter. Its structure is characterized by the thicker filter layer, larger density of filter media and quartz sand, and stable contrast of filter bed. The mechanism of quartz sand filter operation is mainly the adsorption effect, and the sieve removal effect is not necessary. The filter bed is fixed in the recoil brush, belong to the fixed pore filter, adsorption of fine particles in the filter layer in the desorption contrast difficult, so to recover backwash filtration effect is limited, use after a period of time will decline the filtering function, usually need to replace the filter material. The filter is usually used for filtration of water with relatively low water requirements.
2.輕質(zhì)濾料過濾器
2. light filter material filter
油田運用的輕質(zhì)濾料過濾器主要是核桃殼過濾器，這種過濾器的根本構(gòu)造和過濾原理與石英砂過濾器一樣，區(qū)別是作為濾料的核桃殼的密度較小，通常在1.2 g／cm左右。由于濾料較輕，反沖刷時在水流效果下濾層變成沸騰床，由濾料空隙構(gòu)成的微孔被免除，吸附的懸浮物得以脫附。因而，這種過濾器歸于非固定孔隙過濾器，反洗再生才能較強(qiáng)，過濾功能安穩(wěn)，適合于中高浸透率地層水質(zhì)請求的采出水過濾。
Light oil filter use mainly the walnut shell filter, the basic structure and principle of filter and quartz sand filter the filter, as the density difference is smaller the walnut shell material, usually in the 1.2 g / cm. Because the filter material is light, the filter layer becomes a boiling bed when the backwash brush is under the effect of water flow, and the micropore formed by the gap of the filter material is eliminated, and the suspended substance is desorbed. Therefore, the filter belongs to the non fixed pore filter, and the backwashing and regeneration can be strong, and the filtering function is stable, and is suitable for the filtration of the produced water with the request of medium and high permeability formation water quality.
3.微孔陶瓷過濾器
3. microporous ceramic filter
這種過濾器的過濾原件是燒結(jié)而成的多孔陶瓷管，它的本體既作為濾層也作為承托層。這種過濾介質(zhì)的特點是孔隙均勻且安穩(wěn)，對較大的懸浮物有篩除效果，而對較小的懸浮物有吸附效果。反沖刷是經(jīng)過逆向流和橫向流對過濾介質(zhì)進(jìn)行沖刷，對篩除物的鏟除效果較好，而對吸附物的鏟除效果則不顯著，因而簡單構(gòu)成阻塞。這種過濾器適合中等浸透率地層水質(zhì)的清水過濾。用于含油的采出水過濾時，過濾原件的反洗再生對比艱難，需求加人清洗劑并選用氣吹等辦法，反洗工藝十分復(fù)雜。
The original filter of the filter is a porous ceramic tube made by sintering, and the body is used as a filter and a supporting layer as well. The filter medium is characterized by a uniform pore and a stable, sieve removal effect on larger suspended matter, and has better adsorption effect on smaller suspended solids. The recoil brush is used to scour the filter medium through the reverse flow and the transverse flow, and the removal effect of the sieve removal material is better, while the removal effect of the adsorbent is not obvious, thus simply forming obstruction. This filter is suitable for filtration of medium permeability water. When the oil producing water is filtered, the backwashing and regeneration of the original filter are difficult, and the cleaning agent and gas blowing method are needed, and the backwashing process is very complicated.
4.膜過濾器
4. membrane filter
這種過濾器的中心原件是濾膜，這是一種制備在微孔承托層(支持體)上的布滿更細(xì)小孔隙的薄膜。制造濾膜的資料有很多，分為有機(jī)膜(如聚砜中空纖維膜)和無機(jī)膜(如陶瓷膜)。濾膜作為過濾原件其構(gòu)造特點是濾層十分薄，因而它的過濾機(jī)理主要是篩除效果，吸附效應(yīng)很小。因而，膜過濾器的過濾精度較高，粒徑操控對比安穩(wěn)，而且反沖刷簡單康復(fù)性能。不過假如水中富含油的話，則很簡單阻塞而且不易反洗。國內(nèi)外很多研討者曾根據(jù)陶瓷資料的親水性質(zhì)而寄希望于用陶瓷膜處理采出水，但經(jīng)過研討后，普遍認(rèn)為膜污染疑問依然很難解決。膜污染是十分復(fù)雜的疑問，但有一點是能夠必定的，即污染物中有機(jī)物的很多存在是斷定無疑的，不過通常通常重視膜自身而較少思考承托層。。。依照吸附機(jī)理并結(jié)合膜層和承托層的孔隙特征來剖析，能夠解說為何膜過濾關(guān)于清水不易阻塞而關(guān)于含油污水很簡單阻塞。關(guān)于通常固體懸浮物來說，大于膜孔的顆粒被截留(篩除)在膜的表面，小于膜孔的顆粒經(jīng)過膜孔，由于作為濾層的膜很薄，而不能對這些顆粒發(fā)生吸附，雖然承托層相對較厚，但其孔隙相關(guān)于膜孔較大，不足以發(fā)生吸附。這么只要篩除效果，所以很簡單反洗鏟除。而關(guān)于水中的油來說，由于油滴的不安穩(wěn)性，大于膜孔的油滴不一定被篩除，由于也許分裂成小于膜孔的油滴而經(jīng)過膜孔，盡管它們能穿過膜自身，但在承托層中能夠聚結(jié)成大的油滴而被承托層的微孔吸附，而且無法脫附。因而，含油污水會對膜過濾器構(gòu)成阻塞，而且反洗艱難。因而這種過濾器適合于低浸透率地層水質(zhì)請求的清水過濾，而不適用于含油采出水的過濾。
The central component of the filter is the filter membrane, a thin film filled with finer pores on a microporous support layer (support). There are many materials for making filter membranes, which are divided into organic membranes (such as polysulfone, hollow fiber membranes) and inorganic membranes (such as ceramic membranes). As the original filter, the structure of filter membrane is very thin, so its filtration mechanism is mainly screening effect, and the adsorption effect is very small. Therefore, the membrane filter has higher filtration precision, stable particle size control, and simple rehabilitation performance of the recoiling brush. However, if the water is rich in oil, it is easy to block and difficult to backwash. Many researchers at home and abroad have been hoping to treat the produced water with ceramic membrane according to the hydrophilic properties of ceramic materials. However, it is widely accepted that membrane fouling is still difficult to solve. Membrane fouling is a very complicated question, but one thing can be certain, that is, the existence of many organic compounds in pollutants is certain, but usually the membrane itself is often neglected and the bearing layer is less considered... According to the adsorption mechanism and the pore characteristics of the film and the supporting layer, it can explain why the membrane filtration is not easy to block the water, but it is easy to block the oily wastewater. A usually suspended solids, larger than the membrane pore particles are trapped (excluding) the surface of the membrane, is smaller than the membrane pore particle passes through the membrane pores, as the membrane filter layer is very thin, but not adsorbed on these particles, although the supporting layer is relatively thick, but the pore on the larger membrane pore not enough, adsorption. So as long as the screening effect, so it is simple, backwashing, eradicate. About the oil in the water, due to instability of oil droplets, larger than the membrane pore oil droplets will not necessarily be screening, because may split into less than the membrane pore oil droplets through membrane pores, although they can pass through the membrane itself, but in the supporting layer can coalesce into large drops of oil and micropore the supporting layer adsorption, desorption and not. As a result, oily sewage will block the membrane filter, and backwash difficult. Therefore, the filter is suitable for the filtration of water with low permeability formation water quality request, and is not applicable to the filtration of the oily produced water.
5.纖維介質(zhì)過濾器
5. fiber medium filter
這也是一種深床過濾器，濾層介質(zhì)選用纖維資料，通常為合成纖維，常用的有纖維球和纖維束。這種過濾器的過濾機(jī)理是纖維介質(zhì)在外力(水力或機(jī)械力)效果下被壓緊后構(gòu)成細(xì)小的孔隙，主要發(fā)生吸附效果，將水中的懸浮物濾除。反洗時，免除壓緊力使纖維濾材疏松，被吸附的懸浮物脫附并在反洗水流的沖刷下被鏟除。由于纖維資料十分細(xì)，壓緊后構(gòu)成的孔隙也就十分小，因而過濾精度十分高，是對比抱負(fù)的精密過濾器。不過，假如水中含油，則會十分費事。由于通常合成纖維都是親油的，對油會有很強(qiáng)的吸附力，而油被吸附到纖維濾材上以后作為粘結(jié)劑將纖維濾材粘在一同，很難松開，反洗十分艱難。這種過濾器適用于以清水作為水源的低浸透地層灌水水質(zhì)過濾。現(xiàn)在已得到對比成功的運用。此外，國內(nèi)一些研討單位(如江漢機(jī)械研討所)正在研討不親油纖維以及纖維改性技能，意圖是將這種過濾器用于含油的采出水過濾，現(xiàn)在已取得了很大的發(fā)展。假如能將纖維資料自身對油的吸附力減小到滿足的程度，纖維介質(zhì)過濾器，尤其是纖維束過濾器將會變成低浸透油田采出水回灌水質(zhì)過濾的抱負(fù)設(shè)備。
It is also a deep bed filter. The filter medium is made of fibrous material, usually synthetic fibers, usually with fiber balls and fiber bundles. The filtration mechanism of the filter is that the fibrous medium is compressed under the influence of external force (hydraulic or mechanical force) to form a small pore, and the adsorption effect is mainly produced, and the suspended substance in the water is filtered out. When backwashing, the utility model is free from pressing force, so that the fiber filter material is loose, and the suspended suspended substance is desorbed and is washed out under the scouring of backwashing flow. Because the fiber data is very thin, the pore is very small and the filtration precision is very high. It is a precise filter comparing with aspiration. However, if the water contains oil, it will be very troublesome. As usually synthetic fibers are lipophilic, oil will have a strong adsorption capacity, and oil is absorbed on the fiber filter, as a binder after the fiber filter stick together, it is difficult to loose, backwash very difficult. The filter is suitable for filtration of water in a low permeable formation with clear water as a source of water. It has now been compared to the successful use. In addition, some domestic research institutions (such as the Institute of Jianghan Machinery Research) are lipophilic fiber and fiber modification skills, the intention is to filter for oil produced water filtration, now has made great progress. If the adsorption capacity of fiber material to the oil can be reduced to a satisfactory level, the fiber dielectric filter, especially the fiber bundle filter, will become ideal equipment for filtration of water quality in low permeability oil field produced water.
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